2020–2026, from 9 published documents
Dive deep into comprehensive visualizations that tell the complete story of Nigeria's fiscal reality. Every chart, every trend, every number represents a piece of our collective future.
Each states the period it covers and the document it came from.
Q1 2020 to Q1 2026, quarter by quarter.
Figures are added when the Debt Management Office publishes them, and verified before they appear.
6 charts, updated quarterly
Every chart below is drawn from our own database and carries the period it covers and the source it came from. Each one also publishes its underlying figures as a table, so nothing here is visible only as a picture.
95%
Interest share of domestic debt service
Full year 2024 Centre for Inclusive Social Development stale
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The size of the debt, and how it splits between lenders at home and abroad.
₦ trillion
How this is measured
The total public debt figure published for each quarter, divided by one trillion for the axis. Nothing is smoothed, adjusted or interpolated: a quarter with no published figure is absent from the chart rather than estimated.
| Period | Total public debt (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 28.63 |
| Q2 2020 | 31.01 |
| Q3 2020 | 32.22 |
| Q4 2020 | 32.92 |
| Q1 2021 | 33.11 |
| Q2 2021 | 35.47 |
| Q3 2021 | 38.04 |
| Q4 2021 | 39.56 |
| Q1 2022 | 41.60 |
| Q2 2022 | 42.85 |
| Q3 2022 | 44.06 |
| Q4 2022 | 46.25 |
| Q1 2023 | 49.85 |
| Q2 2023 | 87.38 |
| Q3 2023 | 87.91 |
| Q4 2023 | 97.34 |
| Q1 2024 | 121.67 |
| Q2 2024 | 134.30 |
| Q3 2024 | 142.32 |
| Q4 2024 | 144.00 |
| Q1 2025 | 149.39 |
| Q2 2025 | 152.40 |
| Q3 2025 | 153.29 |
| Q4 2025 | 159.28 |
| Q1 2026 | 159.35 |
Every download carries its source.
2020–2026 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development, DMO
₦ trillion
How this is measured
The external and domestic figures as published, stacked. Neither is derived from the other or from the total, which is why in some quarters the two do not sum to the published total — where that happens neither figure is adjusted to close the gap.
| Period | Domestic (₦ trillion) | External (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 18.64 | 9.99 |
| Q2 2020 | 19.65 | 11.36 |
| Q3 2020 | 30.04 | 12.19 |
| Q4 2020 | 16.02 | 16.89 |
| Q1 2021 | 16.51 | 16.59 |
| Q2 2021 | 21.75 | 13.71 |
| Q3 2021 | 22.43 | 15.57 |
| Q4 2021 | 23.70 | 15.86 |
| Q1 2022 | 24.99 | 16.62 |
| Q2 2022 | 26.23 | 16.62 |
| Q3 2022 | 21.55 | 17.15 |
| Q4 2022 | 27.55 | 18.70 |
| Q1 2023 | 30.21 | 19.64 |
| Q2 2023 | 54.13 | 33.43 |
| Q3 2023 | 55.93 | 31.98 |
| Q4 2023 | 59.12 | 38.22 |
| Q1 2024 | 65.65 | 56.02 |
| Q2 2024 | 71.22 | 63.07 |
| Q3 2024 | 73.43 | 68.89 |
| Q4 2024 | 74.38 | 70.29 |
| Q1 2025 | 78.76 | 70.63 |
| Q2 2025 | 80.55 | 71.85 |
| Q3 2025 | 81.82 | 71.48 |
| Q4 2025 | 84.85 | 74.43 |
| Q1 2026 | 87.40 | 71.95 |
Every download carries its source.
2020–2026 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development, DMO
The debt measured against the economy, and against the limits set for it.
% of GDP
How this is measured
The debt-to-GDP ratio recorded in the source, not recomputed here from debt and GDP, shown as a percentage. The two limit lines are the thresholds the source itself records. Quarters with no recorded ratio are left out.
What the data itself shows
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
| Period | Debt-to-GDP (% of GDP) | Country-specific limit (% of GDP) | International reference (% of GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2020 | 20.03 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2020 | 22.23 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2020 | 23.10 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2021 | 23.20 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2021 | 24.85 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2021 | 26.66 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2021 | 27.72 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2022 | 22.56 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2022 | 23.24 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2022 | 23.20 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2023 | 25.01 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2023 | 43.84 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2023 | 44.10 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2023 | 48.83 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2024 | 52.92 | 25.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2024 | 58.41 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2024 | 61.90 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q4 2024 | 61.22 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
| Q1 2025 | 44.19 | 60.00 | 56.00 |
| Q2 2025 | 45.08 | 60.00 | 56.00 |
| Q3 2025 | 38.57 | 40.00 | 56.00 |
Every download carries its source.
2020–2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
Who holds the external debt, and what servicing it takes each year.
US$ billion
How this is measured
Every published external holding for a year, summed by the category its creditor belongs to, in US dollars. Categories are named exactly as the Debt Management Office reports them rather than regrouped.
What the data itself shows
| Period | Multilateral (US$ billion) | Bilateral (US$ billion) | Commercial (US$ billion) | Syndicated loan (US$ billion) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 17.93 | 4.06 | 11.36 | — |
| 2021 | 18.66 | 4.47 | 15.27 | — |
| 2022 | 20.20 | 5.07 | 16.17 | 0.26 |
| 2023 | 21.15 | 5.96 | 15.12 | 0.27 |
| 2024 | 22.32 | 6.09 | 17.32 | 0.05 |
| 2025 | 23.85 | 6.72 | 21.28 | — |
Every download carries its source.
2020–2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
US$ billion
How this is measured
Individual creditors in the most recent year for which holdings are published, ranked by outstanding dollar debt, the largest eight shown. Creditors are not merged into parent institutions.
| Period | US$ billion (US$ billion) |
|---|---|
| Eurobonds | 18.55 |
| International Development Association | 18.51 |
| China (Exim Bank of China) | 5.06 |
| Syndicated Loans (Projects) | 2.51 |
| African Development Bank | 2.18 |
| Int'l Bank for Reconstruction and Devpt. | 1.38 |
| African Development Fund | 1.02 |
| France (Agence Francaise Development) | 0.91 |
Every download carries its source.
2025 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
₦ trillion
How this is measured
Domestic debt service as published for each year, split into the principal and interest components recorded in the source. Only domestic service is counted; external service is not included.
| Period | Principal (₦ trillion) | Interest (₦ trillion) |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 0.25 | 1.83 |
| 2021 | 0.24 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 0.32 | 2.24 |
| 2023 | 0.28 | 4.10 |
| 2024 | 0.27 | 5.60 |
Every download carries its source.
2020–2024 · Centre for Inclusive Social Development
Understanding these numbers is the first step toward demanding accountability and shaping a better fiscal future for Nigeria. Share these insights, ask questions, join the conversation.